Activity 1: Building Atomic Models with Marshmallows
Define atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds while building 3D molecular structures
Molecular modeling & 3D visualization
Learning Objectives
- • Define atoms, molecules, nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons
- • Distinguish between 2D and 3D molecular structures
- • Explain how atoms combine to form molecules
- • Compare molecular geometry with chemical function
Materials per Group
- • Large marshmallows (white) - protons
- • Medium marshmallows (gray) - neutrons
- • Mini marshmallows (colored) - electrons
- • Toothpicks - chemical bonds
- • Periodic table reference sheets
- • Digital camera/tablet for documentation
Procedure Overview
1
Introduction (10 minutes)
Review atomic structure vocabulary and demonstrate nucleus vs. electron cloud concept
2
Individual Atom Construction (15 minutes)
Build hydrogen, helium, and carbon atoms with proper electron shell arrangements
3
Molecule Building Phase (25 minutes)
Create H₂, H₂O, CH₄, NH₃ with correct 3D geometry and bond angles
4
3D vs 2D Comparison (10 minutes)
Compare paper drawings with 3D models and discuss functional importance
Safety Considerations
- • No eating marshmallows during activity
- • Careful handling of toothpicks to prevent injury
- • Wash hands before and after activity
Assessment Rubric (15 points total)
Accuracy of Models (4 pts)
Correct number of protons, neutrons, electrons
Molecular Geometry (3 pts)
Proper 3D shapes demonstrated
Scientific Vocabulary (3 pts)
Correct use of terms in explanations
Activity 2: Synthetic vs. Natural Materials Investigation
Differentiate between natural and synthetic materials while analyzing their properties and environmental impacts
75 minutes (can be split over 2 days) Material testing & environmental analysis
Learning Objectives
- • Differentiate between natural resources, natural products, and synthetic materials
- • Analyze environmental impacts of synthetic material production
- • Evaluate properties of materials for specific applications
- • Connect material properties to manufacturing processes
Testing Stations
Station A: Water Resistance
Test absorption and repelling properties
Station B: Strength Testing
Measure breaking points and flexibility
Station C: Heat Response
Analyze thermal properties and changes
Station D: Durability Test
Compare wear resistance and longevity
Investigation Phases
1
Classification Challenge (20 minutes)
Sort materials into natural vs. synthetic categories using observations
2
Property Testing Circuit (35 minutes)
Systematic testing at four stations with quantitative measurements
3
Research and Verification (20 minutes)
Use technology to research actual material origins and impacts
Real-World Connections
- • Visit local textile manufacturer
- • Connect to Caribbean plastic ban initiatives
- • Traditional vs. modern building materials
- • Recycling center material processing
Assessment Components (50 points total)
Lab Report (25 pts)
- • Complete data tables
- • Property analysis
- • Environmental conclusions
- • Material recommendations
Presentation (15 pts)
- • 3-minute team presentation
- • Visual aids required
- • Origin and properties
- • Environmental impact
Reflection (10 pts)
- • Personal response to findings
- • Action steps for sustainability
- • Local environmental connections
Extensions and Differentiation
Extension Activities
- • Research natural product medicines and molecular structures
- • Use online molecular viewers (RasMol) for complex molecules
- • Compare diamond vs. graphite structures
- • Investigate traditional Caribbean material uses
- • Design sustainable material alternatives
Differentiation Strategies
ELL Support
Vocabulary cards with pictures, bilingual glossaries
Advanced Learners
Electron shells, valence electrons, chemical bonding theory
Learning Support
Pre-made templates, step-by-step visual guides
