Inheritance, Variation and Life Cycles Activities

Long-term investigations of complete life cycles, genetic variation, and reproduction through systematic observation and data collection.

Activity 1: Complete Butterfly Life Cycle Investigation

Document complete metamorphosis stages and analyze individual variation within species

3-4 weeks with daily 15-minute observations
Teams of 4 (2-3 teams per habitat)
Long-term observation & data tracking

Learning Objectives

  • • Document complete metamorphosis stages
  • • Measure growth rates and developmental timing
  • • Compare individual variation within species
  • • Analyze environmental factors affecting development
  • • Connect life cycle knowledge to pest management

Materials per Habitat

  • • Large clear container (10-gallon aquarium)
  • • Ventilated lid with fine mesh
  • • Fresh host plants (species-dependent)
  • • Monarch caterpillars or local species
  • • Digital calipers for precise measurement
  • • Digital microscopes or hand lenses
  • • Temperature and humidity monitors

Weekly Investigation Schedule

1

Week 1: Larval Stage Documentation

Daily measurements, feeding behavior, molting events

2

Week 2: Growth Rate Analysis

Calculate growth rates, compare individuals, environmental correlation

3

Week 3: Pupation and Chrysalis Formation

Document metamorphosis, monitor development, predict emergence

4

Week 4: Adult Emergence and Analysis

Document emergence, measure adults, comparative analysis

Documentation Protocol

  • • Daily photographs with scale rulers
  • • Precise measurements with digital calipers
  • • Behavioral observations and timing
  • • Environmental condition monitoring

Data Analysis Projects

Individual Growth Analysis
  • • Create detailed growth charts for each caterpillar
  • • Calculate average daily growth rates per instar
  • • Identify factors correlating with development speed
  • • Compare individual variation within group
Environmental Impact Study
  • • Correlate development timing with temperature
  • • Analyze humidity effects on molting success
  • • Compare food plant quality effects
  • • Document unusual environmental events

Assessment Components (100 points total)

Scientific Journal (40 pts)
  • • Daily observation entries
  • • Technical drawings with labels
  • • Data tables with measurements
  • • Weekly reflection entries
Data Analysis Report (35 pts)
  • • Statistical analysis of growth data
  • • Environmental correlation analysis
  • • Individual development patterns
  • • Agricultural applications
Presentation Project (25 pts)
  • • 10-minute team presentation
  • • Visual aids and demonstrations
  • • Q&A session participation
  • • Conservation recommendations

Activity 2: Plant Reproduction and Pollination Laboratory

Investigate plant reproductive structures and pollination processes through hands-on dissection and experimentation

90 minutes (can be conducted over 2 days)
Pairs
Flower dissection & pollination simulation

Learning Objectives

  • • Identify male and female reproductive structures in flowers
  • • Demonstrate pollination process through simulation
  • • Analyze adaptations for different pollination strategies
  • • Investigate factors affecting pollination success
  • • Connect plant reproduction to ecosystem services

Investigation Phases

Phase 1: Flower Structure Investigation (30 min)

Systematic dissection and microscopic examination

Phase 2: Pollination Simulation (35 min)

Hand pollination and pollinator simulation

Phase 3: Pollination Strategy Analysis (25 min)

Classification and efficiency analysis

Materials per Pair

  • • Fresh flowers (hibiscus, lily, rose, sunflower)
  • • Dissection tools: scalpels, forceps, probes
  • • Hand lenses (10x magnification)
  • • Microscopes with prepared pollen slides
  • • Cotton swabs of various sizes
  • • Paintbrushes (small and medium)
  • • Colored powder (pollen simulation)
  • • UV light source (blacklight)

Safety Considerations

  • • Proper handling of dissection tools
  • • Supervision during microscope use
  • • Allergy awareness for pollen sensitivity
  • • Proper disposal of biological materials

Pollination Simulation Experiments

Hand Pollination Technique
  • • Use paintbrush to collect pollen from anther
  • • Transfer to stigma (self vs. cross pollination)
  • • Use colored powders to track transfer
  • • Document success rate of pollen adhesion
Pollinator Simulation
  • • Students act as different pollinators
  • • Use cotton swabs of different sizes
  • • Track pollen transfer efficiency
  • • Analyze optimal pollinator types

Assessment Components (85 points total)

Laboratory Report (45 pts)
  • • Flower dissection documentation (15 pts)
  • • Experimental results (20 pts)
  • • Analysis and conclusions (10 pts)
Communication Project (25 pts)
  • • Scientific poster OR
  • • Video documentary OR
  • • Teaching demonstration
Problem-Solving (15 pts)
  • • Garden design for pollinators
  • • Crop pollination solutions
  • • Conservation strategies

Real-World Applications

Agricultural Applications

Commercial crop pollination, Colony Collapse Disorder impact, hand-pollination techniques

Conservation Projects

Local flower and pollinator surveys, butterfly garden design, habitat improvement