Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems Activities

Investigate complex ecosystem interactions through field studies and controlled experiments focusing on Caribbean biodiversity and conservation.

Activity 1: Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystem Analysis

Investigate symbiotic relationships and biodiversity patterns in coral reef ecosystems

120 minutes
Teams of 4
Ecosystem interactions & biodiversity assessment

Learning Objectives

  • • Analyze symbiotic relationships in coral reef systems
  • • Investigate biodiversity patterns and species interactions
  • • Evaluate human impacts on reef ecosystem health
  • • Design conservation strategies for reef protection
  • • Connect reef health to Caribbean economic systems

Field Study Equipment

  • • Underwater viewing boxes or snorkel gear
  • • Waterproof identification guides
  • • Quadrat frames for sampling
  • • pH testing kits and thermometers
  • • Underwater cameras or drawing materials
  • • Data collection sheets in waterproof cases

Investigation Process

1

Ecosystem Mapping (40 minutes)

Map reef zones and identify key species relationships

2

Biodiversity Assessment (50 minutes)

Conduct systematic species counts and behavior observations

3

Health Assessment (30 minutes)

Evaluate coral bleaching and ecosystem stress indicators

Key Relationships

  • • Coral-zooxanthellae symbiosis
  • • Cleaner fish-client relationships
  • • Predator-prey dynamics
  • • Territorial and feeding behaviors

Reef Zone Analysis

Fore Reef Zone
  • • High wave energy environment
  • • Dominant hard coral species
  • • Large predatory fish populations
  • • Maximum biodiversity area
Reef Crest
  • • Shallow, high-energy zone
  • • Specialized coral adaptations
  • • Algae-grazing fish communities
  • • Wave-resistant species
Back Reef Lagoon
  • • Protected, low-energy environment
  • • Seagrass and soft coral habitats
  • • Juvenile fish nursery areas
  • • High sediment tolerance species

Conservation Challenge Analysis

Threat Assessment
  • • Climate change and ocean acidification
  • • Coastal development and sedimentation
  • • Overfishing and destructive practices
  • • Pollution and nutrient runoff
Conservation Strategies
  • • Marine protected area establishment
  • • Sustainable tourism practices
  • • Coral restoration and transplantation
  • • Community-based management programs

Activity 2: Caribbean Rainforest Vertical Ecosystem Investigation

Explore biodiversity and ecological niches across rainforest canopy layers

100 minutes
Teams of 3
Vertical stratification & niche analysis

Learning Objectives

  • • Investigate vertical stratification in tropical rainforests
  • • Analyze ecological niches and resource partitioning
  • • Study pollination and seed dispersal networks
  • • Evaluate endemic species and conservation priorities
  • • Connect forest health to watershed protection

Canopy Study Tools

  • • Binoculars for canopy observations
  • • Measuring tapes and clinometers
  • • Light meters and humidity sensors
  • • Sound recording equipment
  • • Plant and animal identification guides
  • • Sampling nets and collection containers

Stratification Study

1

Layer Characterization (35 minutes)

Map forest layers and measure environmental gradients

2

Species Distribution Analysis (45 minutes)

Document species preferences and adaptations by layer

3

Interaction Network Mapping (20 minutes)

Identify key ecological relationships and dependencies

Forest Layers

  • • Emergent layer (40+ meters)
  • • Canopy layer (20-40 meters)
  • • Understory (5-20 meters)
  • • Forest floor (0-5 meters)

Caribbean Endemic Species Focus

Birds
  • • Caribbean parrots (Amazona species)
  • • Hummingbird diversity and pollination
  • • Frugivorous species and seed dispersal
  • • Migratory vs. resident populations
Plants
  • • Epiphytic orchids and bromeliads
  • • Strangler figs and climbing adaptations
  • • Medicinal plant traditional uses
  • • Rare and endangered species
Invertebrates
  • • Butterfly diversity and host plants
  • • Ant-plant mutualistic relationships
  • • Decomposer communities
  • • Pollinator network analysis

Assessment Components (100 points total)

Field Data Portfolio (40 pts)
  • • Species identification accuracy (15 pts)
  • • Environmental measurements (15 pts)
  • • Observation quality (10 pts)
Ecosystem Analysis (35 pts)
  • • Relationship mapping (20 pts)
  • • Niche analysis (10 pts)
  • • Conservation assessment (5 pts)
Conservation Plan (25 pts)
  • • Threat identification (10 pts)
  • • Strategy development (10 pts)
  • • Implementation feasibility (5 pts)